英语短篇小说家

欧美三大短篇小说家分别是：法国作家：莫泊桑，代表作《羊脂球》《项链》。他是十九世纪法国著名的批判现实主义小说家。俄国作家：契诃夫，代表作《万卡》第六病室《套中人》。他是十世世纪俄国批判现实主义作家、戏剧家和短篇小说艺术大师。美国作家：欧·亨利，代表作《麦琪的礼物》《警察与赞美诗》。他是十九世纪末二十世纪初美国现实主义著名作家。

风和太阳(The Wind And The Sun)

One day the wind said to the sun, “Look at that man walking along the road. I can get his cloak off more quickly than you can.”

(有一天风跟太阳说: “看看那个沿着路上走的人.我可以比你快让他把披风脱下来.)

“We will see about that,” said the sun. “I will let you try first.”

(“我们等着看吧,”太阳说, “我让你先试.)

So the wind tried to make the man take off his cloak. He blew and blew, but the man only pulled his cloak more closely around himself.

(因此风尝试让那个人把披风脱下来.他用力地吹,可是那个人把披风拉得更紧.)

“I give up,” said the wind at last. “I cannot get his cloak off.” Then the sun tried. He shone as hard as he could. The man soon became hot and took off his cloak.

(“我放弃了,”风最后说, “我无法让他把披风脱下来.”然后由太阳试试看.他尽可能地晒他.不久,那个人很热就把披风脱下来了.)

莫泊桑 契可夫 欧.亨利。

法国莫泊桑、俄国契诃夫、美国欧·亨利

Tongue twister(绕口令)

Mike has a kite.

The kite is white.

I want to fly the kite with Mike.

But Mike doesn't want to fly the kite.

没有找到长的

你去搜索个吧，很简单的。

There are many mice in the house. The man of the house has a cat. The cat kills(杀死)many of them .

Then the oldest mouse says, "All mice come to my room tonight. Let us put our heads together and think what to do. We can do about(除掉)the cat. All the mice come. Many mice speak , but no one knows what to do. At last a young mouse stands up and says, "We must put a bell(铃)on the cat. When the cat comes near, we can hear the bell and run away and hide. (躲藏) So the cat will not catch any of us. “But,” the old mouse asks, " who will put the bell on the cat?" No mouse answers .The old mouse waits, but no one answers. At last the old mouse says, "It is easy to say things; but it is hard to do them."

费德勒，纳达尔，德约科维奇

莫泊桑 欧亨利 契科夫

画蛇添足

几个人以一壶酒为赌注，规定谁先画出一条蛇，谁就能得到这壶酒。其中一个人最先画成，他伸手取过酒壶，正要把酒喝掉的时候，四处一看别人还没画完，他便左手持壶，右手继续画着说：“我还能再给这条蛇添上几条脚呢！”蛇脚还没画完，另一个人已经画好了蛇的人从他手里夺过酒壶，边喝边说：“蛇本来是就没有脚的，你怎么能给他添上脚呢？”

Adding

Feet

to

a

Drawn

Snake

A

group

of

people

staked

a

globlet

of

wine

on

drawing

a

snake

on

the

ground.

The

one

whoever

finished

the

drawning

first

would

win

the

globet

of

wine.Then,one

of

them

came

out

first

and

complacently

took

up

the

globet,ready

to

drink.Seeing

nobody

around

him

had

finished

yet,he

held

the

wine

in

his

left

hand

and

said:"Oh,there

is

still

time

for

me

to

add

some

feet

to

the

snake."So

saying,he

used

the

other

hand

to

do

it.But

before

he

could

finish

the

feet,another

man

completed

his

snake.He

immediately

seized

the

vessel

and

cried:"A

snake

is

born

without

feet.How

can

you

add

feet

to

it?"With

these

words,he

gulped

down

the

wine.

美国的欧·亨利；法国的莫泊桑以及俄国的契诃夫。下面我就来分别来简单介绍一下他们三人的代表作。

欧·亨利的《麦琪的礼物》：《麦琪的礼物》这篇文章，一开头就设置悬念，德拉只有一元八毛，可是明天就是圣诞节了，她不够钱给丈夫买礼物，作者接着围绕德拉一头美丽的秀发和杰姆的金表展开描写，德拉为了给吉姆买他梦寐以求的金表表链，忍痛割爱，卖掉了一头的秀发。等到吉姆回来，她发现丈夫看见她的短发，神情不对，在这里又设下了一个悬念，待德拉打开杰姆送给她的礼物，我们才恍然大悟，原来吉姆送给妻子一套发梳，德拉已经用不着了，接着，德拉送礼物给吉姆，再次出人意料，德拉的礼物也派不上用场了，因为吉姆的金表也卖掉了。故事到此结束，却给人回味无穷。这是典型的“欧·亨利式情节”和“欧·亨利结局”，欧·亨利的写作风格我们可以从这里大概了解到一些。

法国莫泊桑的《羊脂球》：

《羊脂球》这篇小说的主要情节是这样的：法国里昂城被普鲁士军队占领了。一个星期二的清晨，一辆公共马车在滚天大雪中出发，车上10位乘客除了有身份的伯爵、富商以及修女之外。还有一个绰号叫“羊脂球”的妓女。他们都设法从德军司令部弄来离境证书，准备去尚未陷敌的勒阿弗尔。雪下个不停，路越来越难走，估计马车还要很久才能到达旅店，旅客全都饥肠辘辘，难以支持，然而由于走得匆忙，大家都忘记带食品了，只有缩在车棚深处的羊脂球一个人带了一篮子精美的食品（足够她自己吃三天的）。尽管她知道这些上层人物看不起自己，可她还是慷慨地请大家一起吃。刚才还自命不凡、对羊脂球不屑一顾的乘客再也抵挡不住香味四溢的食物的引诱，不由得争先恐后地大吃起来。不一会。满满的一篮食物全分光了。人们抹了抹油光光的嘴，开始与羊脂球亲热地东拉西扯。

晚上，马车到了一个名叫多德的地方，被德军扣了下来，旅客们只好在旅店里住宿。第二天，德军下令不许这辆车动身。原来，一个德军军官看上了羊脂球，要羊脂球委身于他，遭到羊脂球的坚决拒绝，他恼羞成怒，竟扣下全车人员做人质。旅客们知道了这件事，先是义愤填膺，竭力赞扬羊脂球的爱国精神；继而想到自己的处境，对羊脂球冷淡起来。其中一位先生还提出要牺牲羊脂球换回大家的自由。第三天，马车仍然不能动身，他们开始憎恨羊脂球了，认为都是这个下贱女人误了他们的旅程。等到了第四天，他们趁学脂球上教堂之际，集体商量如何劝说羊脂球顺从德军军官的要求。最后，在修女和伯爵的配合下，他们终于用花言巧语达到了目的。

第五天清晨，马车又出发了。在匆忙中，羊脂球什么也没有带就上了车，在车上她惊愕地发现，人人对她冷若冰霜。几位夫人只是轻蔑地看了她一眼，然后背过身，嘴里似乎嘟哝着“下贱”之类的骂人话。到了中午，他们若无其事地各自拿出在旅店里买来的东西，津津有味地吃着，谁也没有朝她看一眼，谁也没请她尝一口。未来得及带食品的羊脂球气得一句话也说不出。这些道貌岸然的家伙，先是把她当作牺牲品送给德军，然后又像扔掉一件肮脏无用的东西一样把她抛弃。她想起自己那一篮子装得满满的食品，他们是那样贪婪地把它吞得精光，眼泪不由得夺眶而出，但她忍住没有哭出声来。她独自坐在角落里，黑暗中传出一声呜咽，那是她没能忍住的一声呜咽。

俄国契诃夫的《变色龙》： 《变色龙》的诙谐在于作者创设了一个“狗”的世界，人性即是狗性，而以真实的狗为纽带巧妙衔接属于“狗性”的人，是这篇文章里人狗交相辉映、珠光四溢的绝妙一笔。也是他将锋芒指向人性的弱点朋友——残酷、虚伪的旨意所在，所以显得特别的尖酸刻薄。

作者为了暗示警官的本质，给警官加上个很特别的姓：奥楚蔑洛夫，俄语这个词的本意是疯癫的——这是与那条咬人的狗相比较而说的，如果说那条咬人的狗是本能的，具有纯动物性的，也就是说，狗咬人是正常的事，不值得大惊小怪，而奥楚蔑洛夫的“疯”就是对本不值得摆威风的咬人的狗拿腔捏势。他的癫在于随着人们对狗的主人（是将军，不是将军）的几次判断，而相应地主观武断地对是非进行歪曲的审判。在这里咬人的狗到是一条健康的，履行“份内职责”的狗，而奥楚蔑洛夫却成了一条疯狗：是狗的王国里一条有病的狗，是可以打入另册、应该医治的一条狗。

我们说《变色龙》呈现的是一个狗的世界，原因是作者把所有出场的人物都当狗去写了。文章开始写叶尔德林紧紧地“尾随”着奥楚蔑洛夫。这是条竭力为主子效劳的，善于揣摩主子心态的狗，他为狗是不是将军家的费尽脑汁、忧心忡忡，全力为警官的“决策”提供佐证，因为这“决策”决定着警官政治上的荣辱胜败，也就决定着自己。请看下面的描述：

“不对，这不是将军家里的狗……”巡警深思地说（黑体字为笔者所加）。“将军家里没有这样的狗。他家的狗，全是大猎狗。”

在他认为“拿得准”后，见警官象是下了决心：得好好教训一下养狗的人们的时候，他又怕这判断失误，而后殃及自己，端了那靠依附警官而得食的饭碗，于是否定了这个“拿得准”，把他的“不过也说不定就是将军家的狗……”的“理由”说了出来。从这些描写中，可以看出叶尔德林又是一条内心矛盾仿徨，不知道该咬谁一口的走狗。

就是小人物赫溜金，乃至围观的群众，作者也没放松对其“狗性”的刻画。

赫溜金作为被害人，在警官没有出现前，很敏捷地“身子往前一探、扑倒在地下，抓住了狗的后腿”，简直是位勇猛的战士，神气地伸起那面胜利的旗帜的手指。而当警官横他面前时，他只是无休止的哀求解释，原先猛犬般的神态荡然殆尽，换为一幅与咬他的狗一样可怜的神色，同样象坐在中间的罪犯——狗一样“眼睛露出悲苦和恐怖的神情”，只是这悲苦是有理说不清的悲苦，这恐怖是有理说不得的恐怖。乃至奴性地尊称警官为“老人家”，甚而至于要站进自己对立面的围子：“我的兄弟就在当宪兵”，这意思说得明白极了：我们都是一家人。所以赫溜金无非是条被统治阶级排出统治圈的懦弱、可怜的狗，即是丧家狗。按其性格的发展，如果他有朝一日跻身官场，他将立刻与奥楚蔑洛夫为伍。

我们再看围观的人们。

在警官没接手这个案子前，人们“仿佛一下子从地下钻了出来”。而且有人喊：别放走它”这时的人们完全站在公证的立场上，站在受害者一边对受害者倾一腔同情与关注。然而，好景不长，当警官由痛骂狗到开始替狗辩护时，群众中就相应地有人站出来“证明”赫溜金“把烟卷戳到狗的脸上……”，然后断定赫留金是个“荒唐的家伙”，当狗被认定是将军哥哥家的时候，那群人就朝赫溜金哈哈大笑。”这时的人们对受害者的同情换成了对受害?

1.Once a fox invited a stork to dinner. He put nothing on the table except some soup in a very shallow dish.

The fox could easily lap up the soup, but the stork could only wet the end of her long bill in it. When she left the meal, she was still very hungry. "I am sorry," said the fox, "the soup is not to your taste."

"Please do not apologize," said the stork. "I hope you will come to my house, and dine with me soon."

A few days later the fox visited the stork. He found that his food was put in a long bottle, and the mouth of the bottle was very narrow. He could not insert his big mouth into it, so he ate nothing.

"I will not apologize," said the stork. "One bad turn deserves another."

一次，狐狸请鹳来吃饭。他除了浅盘子中的一点汤以外，什么也没有准备。

狐狸可以轻而易举地喝到汤，但是鹳只够蘸湿他长长的嘴尖。吃完饭后，鹳仍旧很饥饿。"很抱歉！"狐狸说，"这汤不合你的口味"。

"别客气，"鹳说，"过几天请到我家来和我一起吃饭吧。"

几天后，狐狸应邀而至，他发现食物都装在一个长长的瓶子里，而瓶口很细，他无法将他的大嘴伸进去，什么也吃不到。

"我不想道歉，这是你应得的回报。"鹳说。

2.A woman was singing. One of the guests turned to a man

by his side and criticized the singer.

"What a terrible voice!"he said. "Do you know who she is?"

"yes." was the answer,"she is my wife."

"Oh,I beg your parden," the man said. "Of course her voice

isn't bad, but the song is very bad. I wondered who wrote that awful song?"

" I did," was the answer.

有一个妇女在唱歌。一个宾馆的客人对旁边的男人问道：“这是多么可怕的歌声啊，你知道她是谁？”

“是的”，男人回答到“他是我妻子”。

“OH，我的兄弟，其实她的声音并不难听，主要是这歌词写的不好，是谁写的这么可怕的歌词？”

“我写的”男人回答道.

法国莫泊桑、俄国契诃夫、美国欧·亨利

世界三大短篇小说家 （1）莫泊桑

十九世纪法国著名的批判现实主义小说家。1880年发表第一个短篇小说《羊脂球》，此后陆续写了一大批思想性和艺术性完美结合的短篇小说，博得世界短篇小说巨匠的赞誉。他的创作广泛而深刻地反映了十九世纪后半期的法国社会现实，无情地揭露了资产阶级道德风尚的丑恶，对下层社会的“小人物”寄予同情。小说构思新颖，描写生动，人物语言个性化，布局谋篇别具匠心。代表作有短篇小说《羊脂球》、《项链》等，长篇小说《一生》、《俊友》（又译做《漂亮的朋友》等。

莫泊桑受福楼拜的影响极大，他具有独特的视角，见他人之所不见，以平淡的情节塑造人物，真实的细节凸现性格，反映了现实的思想内容，又有引人入胜的艺术格调。

莫泊桑从描写司空见惯的平凡小事着手，把短篇小说的技艺运用到了尽善尽美的极致，形成了逼真、自然的写作风格。他的叙述笔调几近白描，生动而惜墨如金，寥寥数笔，人物的环境、气氛跃然纸上，描写用词准确、言简意赅，可以说是字字珠玑。

（2）契诃夫

十世世纪俄国批判现实主义作家、戏剧家和短篇小说艺术大师。他的早期合作讽刺和揭露了俄国社会官场人物媚上欺下的丑恶面目，写得谐趣横生，发人深思。八十年代中期，他创作了既幽默又富于悲剧的短篇小说，反映了社会底层人民的被侮辱被损害的不幸生活，具有深刻的思想意义。代表作有短篇小说《变色龙》、苦恼、《万卡》、第六病室、《套中人》等。

契诃夫创造了一种风格独特、言简意赅、艺术精湛的抒情心理小说。他截取片段平凡的日常生活，凭借精巧的艺术细节对生活和人物作真实描绘和刻画，从中展示重要的社会内容。这种小说抒情气味浓郁，抒发他对丑恶现实的不满和对美好未来的向往，把褒扬和贬抑、欢悦和痛苦之情融化在作品的形象体系之中。他认为：“天才的姊妹是简练”，“写作的本领就是把写得差的地方删去的本领”。他提倡“客观地”叙述，说“越是客观给人的印象就越深”。他信任读者的想象和理解能力，主张让读者自己从形象体系中琢磨作品的涵义。

契诃夫戏剧创作的题材、倾向和风格与他的抒情心理小说基本相似。他不追求离奇曲折的情节，他描写平凡的日常生活和人物，从中揭示社会生活的重要方面。在契诃夫的剧作中有丰富的潜台词和浓郁的抒情味；他的现实主义富有鼓舞力量和深刻的象征意义，“海鸥”和“樱桃园”就都是他独创的艺术象征。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基、丹钦科以及莫斯科艺术剧院（1898年建立）与契诃夫进行了创造性的合作，对舞台节术作出了重大革新。

（3）欧.亨利

十九世纪末二十世纪初美国现实主义著名作家。曾被诬告罪入狱三年。后迁居纽约，专事写作，他几乎每周写一篇短篇小说，供报刊发表。他一生创作了近三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，对腐朽的资本主义制度、反人道的法律、虚伪的道德给予揭露和讽刺。代表作有长篇小说《白菜与皇帝》，短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》等。

欧·亨利对社会与人生的观察和分析并不深刻，有些作品比较浅薄，但他一生困顿，常与失意落魄的小人物同甘共苦，又能以别出心裁的艺术手法表现他们复杂的感情。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。

从艺术手法上看，欧·亨利善于捕捉生活中令人啼笑皆非而富于哲理的戏剧性场景，用漫画般的笔触勾勒出人物的特点。作品情节的发展较快，在结尾时突然出现一个意料不到的结局，使读者惊愕之余，不能不承认故事合情合理，进而赞叹作者构思的巧妙。他的文字生动活泼，善于利用双关语、讹音、谐音和旧典新意，妙趣横生,以含泪的微笑著称。他还以准确的细节描写，制造与再现气氛，特别是大都会夜生活的气氛。

从题材的性质来看，欧·亨利的作品大致可分为三类。一类以描写美国西部生活为主；一类写的是美国一些大城市的生活；一类则以拉丁美洲生活为对象。这些不同的题材，显然与作者一生中几个主要生活时期的不同经历，有着密切的关系。而三类作品当中，无疑又以描写城市生活的作品数量最多，意义最大。

欧·亨利思想的矛盾和他作品的弱点，与他的创作环境有极大关系。即使在他已经成名，受到读者广泛欢迎的时候，他的生活也依然经常处于拮据状态。他曾经直言不讳地说：“我是为面包而写作的”。

The Thirsty Pigeon口渴的鸽子

A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders.

Zeal should not outrun discretion.

有只鸽子口渴得很难受，看见画板上画着一个水瓶，以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过 去，不料一头碰撞在画板上，折断了翅膀，摔在地上，被人轻易地捉住了。

这是说，有些人想急于得到所需的东西，一时冲动，草率从事，就会身遭不幸。

The Raven and the Swan乌鸦和天鹅

A RAVEN saw a Swan and desired to secure for himself the same beautiful plumage. Supposing that the Swan's splendid white color arose from his washing in the water in which he swam, the Raven left the altars in the neighborhood where he picked up his living, and took up residence in the lakes and pools. But cleansing his feathers as often as he would, he could not change their color, while through want of food he perished.

Change of habit cannot alter Nature.

乌鸦非常羡慕天鹅洁白的羽毛。他猜想天鹅一定是经常洗澡，羽毛才变得如此洁白无 瑕。于是，他毅然离开了他赖以生存的祭坛，来到江湖边。他天天洗刷自己的羽毛，不但一 点都没洗白，反而因缺少食物饥饿而死。

这故事是说，人的本性不会随着生活方式的改变而改变。

The Goat and the Goatherd 山羊与牧羊人

A GOATHERD had sought to bring back a stray goat to his flock. He whistled and sounded his horn in vain; the straggler paid no attention to the summons. At last the Goatherd threw a stone, and breaking its horn, begged the Goat not to tell his master. The Goat replied, "Why, you silly fellow, the horn will speak though I be silent."

Do not attempt to hide things which cannot be hid.

很多山羊被牧羊人赶到羊圈里。有一只山羊不知在吃什么好东西，单独落在后面。牧羊 人拿起一块石头扔了过去，正巧打断了山羊的一只角。牧羊人吓得请求山羊不要告诉主人， 山羊说：“即使我不说，又怎能隐瞒下去呢？我的角已断了，这是十分明显的事实。”

这故事说明，明显的罪状是无法隐瞒的。

The Miser守财奴

A MISER sold all that he had and bought a lump of gold, which he buried in a hole in the ground by the side of an old wall and went to look at daily. One of his workmen observed his frequent visits to the spot and decided to watch his movements. He soon discovered the secret of the hidden treasure, and digging down, came to the lump of gold, and stole it. The Miser, on his next visit, found the hole empty and began to tear his hair and to make loud lamentations. A neighbor, seeing him overcome with grief and learning the cause, said, "Pray do not grieve so; but go and take a stone, and place it in the hole, and fancy that the gold is still lying there. It will do you quite the same service; for when the gold was there, you had it not, as you did not make the slightest use of it."

有个守财奴变卖了他所有的家产，换回了金块，并秘密地埋在一个地方。他每天走去看 看他的宝藏。有个在附近放羊的牧人留心观察，知道了真情，趁他走后，挖出金块拿走了。 守财奴再来时，发现洞中的金块没有了，便捶胸痛哭。有个人见他如此悲痛，问明原因后， 说道：“喂，朋友，别再难过了，那块金子虽是你买来的，但并不是你真正拥有的。去拿一 块石头来，代替金块放在洞里，只要你心里想着那是块金子，你就会很高兴。这样与你拥有 真正的金块效果没什么不同。依我之见，你拥有那金块时，也从没用过。”

这故事说明，一切财物如不使用等于没有。

The Wolf and the Lamb 狼与小羊

WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations."

The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.

一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去年被你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放过 你。”

这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。

The Bat and the Weasels蝙蝠与黄鼠狼

A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped.

It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.

蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。

这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。

The Ass and the Grasshopper 驴子与蚱蜢

AN ASS having heard some Grasshoppers chirping, was highly enchanted; and, desiring to possess the same charms of melody, demanded what sort of food they lived on to give them such beautiful voices. They replied, "The dew." The Ass resolved that he would live only upon dew, and in a short time died of hunger.

驴子听见蚱蜢唱歌，被美妙动听的歌声所打动，自己也想能发出同样悦耳动听的声音，便 羡慕地问他们吃些什么，才能发出如此美妙的声音来。蚱蜢答道：“吃露水。”驴子便也只吃露水，没多久就饿死了。

这个故事告诉人们不要企望非份之物。

The Lion and the Mouse 狮子与报恩的老鼠

A LION was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up angrily, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: "If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness." The Lion laughed and let him go. It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came and gnawed the rope with his teeth and set him free, exclaiming:

"You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favor; now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to con benefits on a Lion."

狮子睡着了，有只老鼠跳到了他身上。狮子猛然站起来，把他抓住，准备吃掉。老鼠请求饶命，并说如果保住性命，必将报恩，狮子轻蔑地笑了笑，便把他放走了。不久，狮子真的被老鼠救了性命。原来狮子被一个猎人抓获，并用绳索把他捆在一棵树上。老鼠听到了他 的哀嚎，走过去咬断绳索，放走了狮子，并说：

“你当时嘲笑我，不相信能得到我的报答， 现在可清楚了，老鼠也能报恩。” 这故事说明，时运交替变更，强者也会有需要弱者的时候。

世界三大短篇小说家有以下三人：

（1）莫泊桑

十九世纪法国著名的批判现实主义小说家。1880年发表第一个短篇小说《羊脂球》，此后陆续写了一大批思想性和艺术性完美结合的短篇小说，博得世界短篇小说巨匠的赞誉。他的创作广泛而深刻地反映了十九世纪（1）莫泊桑

十九世纪法国著名的批判现实主义小说家。1880年发表第一个短篇小说《羊脂球》，此后陆续写了一大批思想性和艺术性完美结合的短篇小说，博得世界短篇小说巨匠的赞誉。他的创作广泛而深刻地反映了十九世纪后半期的法国社会现实，无情地揭露了资产阶级道德风尚的丑恶，对下层社会的“小人物”寄予同情。小说构思新颖，描写生动，人物语言个性化，布局谋篇别具匠心。代表作有短篇小说《羊脂球》、《项链》等，长篇小说《一生》、《俊友》（又译做《漂亮的朋友》等。

（2）契可夫

十世世纪俄国批判现实主义作家、戏剧家和短篇小说艺术大师。他的早期合作讽刺和揭露了俄国社会官场人物媚上欺下的丑恶面目，写得谐趣横生，发人深思。八十年代中期，他创作了既幽默又富于悲剧的短篇小说，反映了社会底层人民的被侮辱被损害的不幸生活，具有深刻的思想意义。代表作有短篇小说《变色龙》、苦恼、《万卡》、第六病室、《套中人》等。

（3）欧.亨利

十九世纪末二十世纪初美国现实主义著名作家。曾被诬告罪入狱三年。后迁居纽约，专事写作，他几乎每周写一篇短篇小说，供报刊发表。他一生创作了近三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，对腐朽的资本主义制度、反人道的法律、虚伪的道德给予揭露和讽刺。代表作有长篇小说《白菜与皇帝》，短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》等。后半期的法国社会现实，无情地揭露了资产阶级道德风尚的丑恶，对下层社会的“小人物”寄予同情。小说构思新颖，描写生动，人物语言个性化，布局谋篇别具匠心。代表作有短篇小说《羊脂球》、《项链》等，长篇小说《一生》、《俊友》（又译做《漂亮的朋友》等。

而能被称为“世界短篇小说巨匠”的只有莫泊桑。

世界三大著名短篇小说家是指法国的莫泊桑(1850-1893)，俄国的契诃夫(1860-1904)，美国的欧·亨利(1862-1910)三位文学大师。

英语短篇故事(伊索寓言)

1.The Fox and the Monkey

A Monkey once danced in an assembly of the Beasts, and so pleased them all by his performance that they elected him their King. A Fox, envying him the honor, discovered a piece of meat lying in a trap, and leading the Monkey to the place where it was, said that she had found a store, but had not used it, she had kept it for him as treasure trove of his kingdom, and counseled him to lay hold of it. The Monkey approached carelessly and was caught in the trap; and on his accusing the Fox of purposely leading him into the snare, she replied, "Oh Monkey, and are you, with such a mind as yours, going to be King over the Beasts?"

2.The Fence

By: Author Unknown

There was a little boy with a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, to hammer a nail in the back fence. The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence.

Then it gradually dwindled down. He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence. Finally the day came when the boy didn't lose his temper at all. He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper.

The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone. The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence.

He said, "You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one. You can put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won't matter how many times you say 'I'm sorry', the wound is still there."

欧亨利 莫泊桑 契诃夫

英语绕口令：

I saw Esau kissing Kate. I saw Esau, he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau.

A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood

Mr. Cook said to a cook: "Look at this cook-book. It's very good." So the cook took the advice of Mr. Cook and bought the book.

Who washed Washington's white woollen underwear when Washington's washer woman went west．

A writer named Wright was instructing his little son how to write Wright right. He said: "It is not right to write Wright as 'rite'---try to write Wright aright!"

希望对你有用！

A: Which do you find more important, money or friends?

B: Friends, of course.

A: Why?

B: I can always borrow money from friends.

英语童话故事：小红帽，快来看看吧

A: Which do you find more important, money or friends?

B: Friends, of course.

A: Why?

B: I can always borrow money from friends.

钱和朋友

甲：你认为钱和朋友哪一个更重要？

乙：当然是朋友。

甲：为什么？

乙：我总可以从朋友那儿借到钱。

ONLY A FEW WORDS

At a court the judge is interrogating a mugger but gets into difficulty because the mugger is a foreigner who doesn't speak English. "Don't you speak English at all?" the judge asks. "Only a few words," replies the mugger.

"What words do you know?"

"Your purse or your life!"

几个英语词

法庭上法官正审问一个抢劫犯，由于该犯是一个不会说英语的外国人，审问很困难。"你一点英语都不会说吗？"法官问。"我只会说几个词。"抢劫犯回答。

"你会说哪几个词？"

"你是要钱还是要命！"

DON'T BE SELFISH

A mother is admonishing her son.

----Now, John, don't be selfish. Let your little brother share the bicycle with you.

----But Mother, I do. I ride it down the hill, and he rides it up the hill.

别太自私

一位母亲在劝告她的儿子。

"听着，约翰，别太自私，让你的弟弟和你共用一辆自行车。"

"妈妈，我是让他。我先骑下坡，他再骑上坡

世界四大短篇小说巨匠是 法国 莫泊桑 俄国 契诃夫 美国 欧·亨利 美国 马克·吐温



世界文学作品中四大吝啬鬼是夏洛克（莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》）、阿巴贡 (莫里哀《吝啬鬼》) 、葛朗台 (巴尔扎克《欧也妮·葛朗台》) 、泼留希金 (果戈里《死魂灵》)

村上春树、卡夫卡、萨特、莫泊桑、契科夫

世界三大短篇小说巨匠是：法国的莫泊桑； 俄国的契诃夫； 美国的欧·亨利。其他人就不包括在内了。

世界三大短篇小说家 （1）莫泊桑

十九世纪法国著名的批判现实主义小说家。1880年发表第一个短篇小说《羊脂球》，此后陆续写了一大批思想性和艺术性完美结合的短篇小说，博得世界短篇小说巨匠的赞誉。他的创作广泛而深刻地反映了十九世纪后半期的法国社会现实，无情地揭露了资产阶级道德风尚的丑恶，对下层社会的“小人物”寄予同情。小说构思新颖，描写生动，人物语言个性化，布局谋篇别具匠心。代表作有短篇小说《羊脂球》、《项链》等，长篇小说《一生》、《俊友》（又译做《漂亮的朋友》等。

莫泊桑受福楼拜的影响极大，他具有独特的视角，见他人之所不见，以平淡的情节塑造人物，真实的细节凸现性格，反映了现实的思想内容，又有引人入胜的艺术格调。

莫泊桑从描写司空见惯的平凡小事着手，把短篇小说的技艺运用到了尽善尽美的极致，形成了逼真、自然的写作风格。他的叙述笔调几近白描，生动而惜墨如金，寥寥数笔，人物的环境、气氛跃然纸上，描写用词准确、言简意赅，可以说是字字珠玑。

（2）契诃夫

十世世纪俄国批判现实主义作家、戏剧家和短篇小说艺术大师。他的早期合作讽刺和揭露了俄国社会官场人物媚上欺下的丑恶面目，写得谐趣横生，发人深思。八十年代中期，他创作了既幽默又富于悲剧的短篇小说，反映了社会底层人民的被侮辱被损害的不幸生活，具有深刻的思想意义。代表作有短篇小说《变色龙》、苦恼、《万卡》、第六病室、《套中人》等。

契诃夫创造了一种风格独特、言简意赅、艺术精湛的抒情心理小说。他截取片段平凡的日常生活，凭借精巧的艺术细节对生活和人物作真实描绘和刻画，从中展示重要的社会内容。这种小说抒情气味浓郁，抒发他对丑恶现实的不满和对美好未来的向往，把褒扬和贬抑、欢悦和痛苦之情融化在作品的形象体系之中。他认为：“天才的姊妹是简练”，“写作的本领就是把写得差的地方删去的本领”。他提倡“客观地”叙述，说“越是客观给人的印象就越深”。他信任读者的想象和理解能力，主张让读者自己从形象体系中琢磨作品的涵义。

契诃夫戏剧创作的题材、倾向和风格与他的抒情心理小说基本相似。他不追求离奇曲折的情节，他描写平凡的日常生活和人物，从中揭示社会生活的重要方面。在契诃夫的剧作中有丰富的潜台词和浓郁的抒情味；他的现实主义富有鼓舞力量和深刻的象征意义，“海鸥”和“樱桃园”就都是他独创的艺术象征。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基、丹钦科以及莫斯科艺术剧院（1898年建立）与契诃夫进行了创造性的合作，对舞台节术作出了重大革新。

（3）欧.亨利

十九世纪末二十世纪初美国现实主义著名作家。曾被诬告罪入狱三年。后迁居纽约，专事写作，他几乎每周写一篇短篇小说，供报刊发表。他一生创作了近三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，对腐朽的资本主义制度、反人道的法律、虚伪的道德给予揭露和讽刺。代表作有长篇小说《白菜与皇帝》，短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》等。

欧·亨利对社会与人生的观察和分析并不深刻，有些作品比较浅薄，但他一生困顿，常与失意落魄的小人物同甘共苦，又能以别出心裁的艺术手法表现他们复杂的感情。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。

从艺术手法上看，欧·亨利善于捕捉生活中令人啼笑皆非而富于哲理的戏剧性场景，用漫画般的笔触勾勒出人物的特点。作品情节的发展较快，在结尾时突然出现一个意料不到的结局，使读者惊愕之余，不能不承认故事合情合理，进而赞叹作者构思的巧妙。他的文字生动活泼，善于利用双关语、讹音、谐音和旧典新意，妙趣横生,以含泪的微笑著称。他还以准确的细节描写，制造与再现气氛，特别是大都会夜生活的气氛。

从题材的性质来看，欧·亨利的作品大致可分为三类。一类以描写美国西部生活为主；一类写的是美国一些大城市的生活；一类则以拉丁美洲生活为对象。这些不同的题材，显然与作者一生中几个主要生活时期的不同经历，有着密切的关系。而三类作品当中，无疑又以描写城市生活的作品数量最多，意义最大。

欧·亨利思想的矛盾和他作品的弱点，与他的创作环境有极大关系。即使在他已经成名，受到读者广泛欢迎的时候，他的生活也依然经常处于拮据状态。他曾经直言不讳地说：“我是为面包而写作的”。

只有你有爷爷吗?

Once upon a time there was a nice young man called Karim. He used to sell caps for a living, and roam around several villages. One day he would be in village A, the other day people would find him in village B.

It was an afternoon in summer and he was traversing the vast plains when he felt tired and wanted to have a nap. He found a nice mango tree with lots of branches and cool shade, placed his bag of caps beside him and went to sleep. Tired as he was, he was quickly fast asleep. When he woke up after a refreshing little nap, he found that there weren't any caps in his bag!

"Oh, Allah!", he said to himself, "Did the thieves have to find me of all people?" But then he noticed that the mango tree was full of cute monkeys wearing colourful caps!

He yelled at the monkeys and they screamed back.He made faces at them and found the monkeys to be experts at that. He threw a stone at them and they showered him with raw mangoes.

Frustrated, he took off his own cap and slammed it on the ground. And Lo, the stupid monkeys threw their caps too! Smart Karim didn't waste a second, collected the caps and was on his way.

50 years later, young Abdul, grandson of famous Karim who was also working hard at making money and doing his family business, was going through the same jungle.

After a long walk he was very tired and found a nice mango tree with lots of branches and cool shade. Abdul decided to rest a while and very soon was fast asleep. A few hours later, when Abdul woke up, he realised that all the caps from his bag were gone! Abdul started searching for the same and to his surprise found some monkeys sitting on mango tree wearing his caps.

Abdul was frustrated and didn't know what to do. And then he remembered the story his grandfather proudly used to tell him.

"Yes! I can fool these monkeys!!!", said Abdul. "I'll make them imitate me and very soon I'll get all my caps back!"

Abdul waved at the monkeys - the Monkeys waved at Abdul

Abdul started dancing - the Monkeys were also dancing

Abdul pulled his ears - the Monkeys pulled their ears

Abdul raised his hands - the Monkeys raised their hands

Abdul threw his cap on the ground...

Just then, one of the monkeys jumped down from the tree, grabbed the cap Abdul threw on the ground and walked up to Abdul, said: "Do you think ONLY YOU HAD A GRANDFATHER?"

故事新编：听老人言的后果

1.他一直靠卖帽子为生，经常来往于几个村子之间。roam：在……之间来回走动。

2. traverse：横过，穿过；have a nap：(尤指在白天)小睡，打盹。

3.他看见了一棵芒果树，枝繁叶茂，阴凉一片。

4. fast：(睡眠)沉的，熟的。

5. refreshing：提神的，令人身心舒服的。

6. Allah：安拉，真主(伊斯兰教信奉的惟一神的名称)。

7.难道盗贼偏偏撞见了我？

8. cute：聪明伶俐的，机敏的。

9.他冲着猴子大声叫喊，猴子们也尖叫着回敬他。

10.他向猴子扮鬼脸，结果发现猴子对扮鬼脸在行得很。

11.他向它们扔石头，猴子就从树上摘了生芒果雨点般地砸向他。raw：自然状态的，生的。

12. frustrated：挫败的，泄气的；slam：使劲扔，砰地放下。

13. Lo: (表示惊讶)看哪！瞧！

14. family business：(祖传的)家业。

15. to one's surprise：令某人吃惊地。

16.于是他想起了爷爷过去常常得意地讲起的那个故事。

17. fool：愚弄，欺骗。

18. imitate：模仿。

19.就在这时，一只猴子从树上跳下来，抢走了阿卜杜拉扔在地上的帽子，走到他跟前说："你以为只有你有爷爷吗？"