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British novels in the 19th century, especially in the 40-50 years a great development, which is the UK during the intensification of class struggle. Lenin referred to as "the world's first truly 、 broad masses of the proletariat 、 political movement that is shipped Charter \ dynamic" has brought the Charter Literature. At the same time accelerate the development of science and technology in Darwin's landmark theory of evolution to the traditional beliefs to fierce impact. The religious house, there on the "Oxford Movement," the controversy. In political circles and public opinion around the Corn Laws and the "British status" issues of the debate about longer time. Debate tempered the prose. In this troubled times, the results of numerous literary essays, Carlisle's "French Revolution" (1837) and "past and present" (1843) 、 Macaulay's "History of the United Kingdom" (1849 ~ 1861) 、 Ruskin's "Venice Stones "(1851 ~ 1853) 、 Muller's" On Liberty "(1859) is proof. Readers are also rapidly-expanding number of new publications come out, began a series of lengthy case-by-phase approach works.
Such an environment and atmosphere so that the author's more concerned on the major issues. Dickens was first used humor amusing strokes wrote "The Pickwick Papers" (1837), so that people with his optimism, and two years, however, he "Austrian out the Buddha» Teweisite "(1838), Write to the suffering of orphans and London thief in the dark caves; into the 1940s, he wrote a series of novels expose the evil consequences of worship of money, "Dombey and Son" (1848) is particularly profound, "David» Kebofeier " (1850) is a world filled with a sense of the vicissitudes of the mature works; Then came the "Bleak House" (1853) 、 "Hard Times" (1854) and "Little Dorrit" (1857) even see Yin Yu; "Twins Hutchison "(1859) strongly condemns the brutal and the French aristocracy, also expressed the author for the people to take violent action Jieju; 1960s, the" Great Expectations "(1861) is about prospects uncertain, but" our mutual friends "( 1865) with huge garbage dump to make a symbol of British society. Symbolism and the greater use of the structure of the novel is his attention to the characteristics of the late novels, novels that his artistic development; However, he remains the most to attract readers is that he has always maintained the advantage, that is the real details and poetic Atmosphere, the combination of humor 、 humorous and tragic situation of the basic life, the combination of specific circumstances and far-reaching social significance of the combination. These combined, he added the language of Shakespeare on the use of the Dickens novel not only rich in content 、 profound, and its artistic innovations of the European realism, the novel has made unique contribution.
But in the same care issues with the wording different from that of Charles Dickens were a large number of other writers. Sake Lei's "Vanity Fair" (1847 ~ 1848) is another long-term attractiveness of the masterpiece, using the technique refined irony of the upper class of greed and fraud, while his "Henry» Aisimengde "(1852) Britain will carry forward the fine tradition of historical novels. 1847-1848 between Britain's "miracle year": In addition to Dickens's "Dombey and Son" and Sake Lei's "Vanity Fair", also published Charlotte »Bronte's" Jane »Love", Amy Li »Bronte's" Wuthering Heights ", Mrs. Gaskell's" Mary »Button." The emergence of more female writer is a noteworthy phenomenon, and their respective strong points: Mrs. Gaskell sympathy with the workers writing style struggle of the Bronte sisters of a stubborn 、 personality of a family on the novel of female teachers Centre for her money sent to Miss the voices of protest and another for using intense feelings of love and hate to write the story, desolate Yorkshire to the wild as the background, with 40 cases in the severity of the unique. Later, another writer George »Eliot wrote a series of novel analysis of ethical issues, including full field of view," Fu Luosi the mill on the River "(1860) is a touching tragedy, and she works in their twilight years," Mideerma Qi "(1871 ~ 1872) is again the lack of love of the suffering of married life as the center, in-depth and meticulous 、 about a small town throughout the various figures. In addition, this period is also available in the confrontation between the rich and the poor Disraeli wrote two novels British society, Kingsley wrote Reid and services for social reform to expose the novels, stories and the town Teluoluopu write to the Cabinet And the Parliament as the center of political novels, Collins wrote to Charles Dickens also had an impact on the detective novels, has left the excellent work.
Into the 19th century after 30 years, the United Kingdom's vitality is still not bad, Ticaifanwei continue to expand. Meiruidisi "egoist" (1879) and meticulous analysis of the British gentleman on the issue of marriage in the false confidence, and his "Weituoliya" (1867) and "Kelaosiwei Diana" (1885) also describe a class of participation in the political struggle against the new women; Laosefude "Paper City alley revolution" (1887), wrote that "objection to sending the" doctrine of the handicraft industry, Bo Tele in "all creatures of the Road "(1903), wrote the Victorian middle class cold without love of family life, William» Morris in the "dream John» Paul "(1888) held in 1381 in memory of heroes of the intifada," a rural Ukrainian news " (1891), he painted the eyes of the communist society. Kipling wrote the British colonialists in India, the activities of the Prince of science fiction and fantasy novels, is also a product of the 19th century. The novel also has a new artistic development: the Meiruidisi Wen-Cai, Bo Tele the sharp, Morris's simple to use fresh, lively and ridicule of Kipling, the British novel more colorful. More forward-looking arts fiction is very particular about the Americans Henry »James Conrad and the Poles in the knock to the British literary scene. However, this period is the great novelist, poet Thomas Hardy. He wrote on Dorset's rural people, their lives simple and strong feelings, the novel's main character are all subject to the fate of Zhuonong, they purify the soul of good 、 more contrasting the "immortal who is in charge of" indifference and cruelty. Hardy's favorite and make a series of thought-provoking novels such as "weekend getaway" (1874) 、 "Return" (1878) 、 "The Mayor of Casterbridge" (1886) 、 "Tess of the Tess" (1891) 、 "Jude the Obscure" (1896), 19th century British novel is the last of a number of outstanding results, they succeeded in the soil of rural atmosphere 、 poetry kind of warmth and a rigorous integration of the universe.
Overall, many writers of the 19th century British novel joint efforts boarding to a new Fengdian. It is the reality of the deepening of its more artistic essence, it is typical of the United Kingdom, and the literary world has cast its far-reaching implications.
