人鬼情未了
太完美了,我都看了好几遍,拥有一刻,也不枉此生!
honeyvitas
原贴:世界著名文学作品
阮伟良_Nichkhun
和这两篇经典爱情小说,真是太惊讶了,简直让我晕了.这样的传奇爱情和现在的言情相比,岂不是小巫见大巫?
估计它的传奇之处是人神结合吧,但要说爱情.....一次偶然相遇,帮忙传递一份救命的家书,把小龙女救了出来,就这样,她爱上了柳毅,并且千方百计最终结成夫妻.而柳毅本事拒绝钱塘君不娶小龙女的,但后来知道了卢氏就是小龙女后说:"今日,君,卢氏也,又嫁与人间,则吾心未为惑矣."这样的人.....为了所谓"义"就拒绝了她,而且我哪里也没看出来他爱卢氏啊.我们老师还说,这篇文章不是为了歌颂他们之间的自由恋爱,而是为了赞美柳毅的"义"!听到这里,我彻底晕菜.
再看看杜十娘这篇,真觉得杜十娘不是一般的傻,我从头到尾也没看出来李甲爱她,甚至爱到值得她托付终身的地步啊.李甲在杜十娘那呆了一年,彻头彻尾也只是把她当妓女看吧,而且别人三两下就泥巴他说动要卖了十娘,这叫什么啊?
金诺
世界著名的短篇小说 :
雨果: 克洛德.格
欧文: 鬼新郎
左拉: 陪衬人
都德: 三部大弥撒
哈代: 富于想象的妇人
海涅: 帕格尼尼
普希金: 黑桃皇后
莫泊桑: 蛮子大妈
梅里美: 伊尔的美神
狄更斯: 穷人的专利
果戈理: 旧式的地主
司各特: 流浪汉威利的故事
契科夫: 宝贝儿
高尔基: 切尔卡希
巴尔扎克: 不为人知的杰作
马克.吐温 田纳西的新闻界
杰克.伦敦 变节者
屠格涅夫: 总管
欧. 亨利 爱的牺牲
原贴:世界著名的短篇小说
aniwxb
THE GIFT OF THE
One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty- seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas.
There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.
While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.
In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young."
The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good.
Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.
There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pier-glass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art.
Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.
Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.
So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her. And then she did it up again nervously and quickly. Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.
On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street.
Where she stopped the sign read: "Mne. Sofronie. Hair Goods of All Kinds." One flight up Della ran, and collected herself, panting. Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked the "Sofronie."
"Will you buy my hair?" asked Della.
"I buy hair," said Madame. "Take yer hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it."
Down rippled the brown cascade.
"Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practised hand.
"Give it to me quick," said Della.
Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget the hashed metaphor. She was ransacking the stores for Jim's present.
She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else. There was no other like it in any of the stores, and she had turned all of them inside out. It was a platinum fob chain simple and chaste in design, properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation--as all good things should do. It was even worthy of The Watch. As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. It was like him. Quietness and value--the description applied to both. Twenty-one dollars they took from her for it, and she hurried home with the 87 cents. With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company. Grand as the watch was, he sometimes looked at it on the sly on account of the old leather strap that he used in place of a chain.
When Della reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friends--a mammoth task.
Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy. She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, and critically.
"If Jim doesn't kill me," she said to herself, "before he takes a second look at me, he'll say I look like a Coney Island chorus girl. But what could I do--oh! what could I do with a dollar and eighty- seven cents?"
At 7 o'clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on the back of the stove hot and ready to cook the chops.
Jim was never late. Della doubled the fob chain in her hand and sat on the corner of the table near the door that he always entered. Then she heard his step on the stair away down on the first flight, and she turned white for just a moment. She had a habit for saying little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things, and now she whispered: "Please God, make him think I am still pretty."
The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two--and to be burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves.
Jim stopped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face.
Della wriggled off the table and went for him.
"Jim, darling," she cried, "don't look at me that way. I had my hair cut off and sold because I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. It'll grow out again--you won't mind, will you? I just had to do it. My hair grows awfully fast. Say `Merry Christmas!' Jim, and let's be happy. You don't know what a nice-- what a beautiful, nice gift I've got for you."
"You've cut off your hair?" asked Jim, laboriously, as if he had not arrived at that patent fact yet even after the hardest mental labor.
"Cut it off and sold it," said Della. "Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, ain't I?"
Jim looked about the room curiously.
"You say your hair is gone?" he said, with an air almost of idiocy.
"You needn't look for it," said Della. "It's sold, I tell you--sold and gone, too. It's Christmas Eve, boy. Be good to me, for it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered," she went on with sudden serious sweetness, "but nobody could ever count my love for you. Shall I put the chops on, Jim?"
Out of his trance Jim seemed quickly to wake. He enfolded his Della. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction. Eight dollars a week or a million a year--what is the difference? A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.
Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table.
"Don't make any mistake, Dell," he said, "about me. I don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any less. But if you'll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first."
White fingers and nimble tore at the string and paper. And then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! a quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails, necessitating the immediate employment of all the comforting powers of the lord of the flat.
For there lay The Combs--the set of combs, side and back, that Della had worshipped long in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jewelled rims--just the shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair. They were expensive combs, she knew, and her heart had simply craved and yearned over them without the least hope of possession. And now, they were hers, but the tresses that should have adorned the coveted adornments were gone.
But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: "My hair grows so fast, Jim!"
And them Della leaped up like a little singed cat and cried, "Oh, oh!"
Jim had not yet seen his beautiful present. She held it out to him eagerly upon her open palm. The dull precious metal seemed to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent spirit.
"Isn't it a dandy, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You'll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it."
Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.
"Dell," said he, "let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on."
The magi, as you know, were wise men--wonderfully wise men--who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.
原贴:世界著名短篇小说
黑釉勺子
就刘慈欣吧。目前他的地球往事三部曲《三体》123基本已经是中国科幻的巅峰了,此外他的球星闪电《地火》超行星纪元等等都非常的经典,用严锋的一句话“我推崇大刘的作品,是因为他逆流而上,发扬理性主意和人问精神,为中国文学注入了整体性的思维和超越性的思维”。
此外大刘的所有作品都是兼顾硬与剧情兼备的
原贴:世界著名硬科幻小说?
芳芳姐姐
1、英国文艺复兴时期戏剧家、诗人莎士比亚
莎士比亚出生于沃里克郡斯特拉特福镇的一个富裕市民家庭,是16世纪后半叶到17世纪初英国最著名的作家(本·琼斯称他为“时代的灵魂”),也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。他共写有37部戏剧,154首14行诗,两首长诗和其他诗歌。长诗维纳斯与阿多尼斯(1592~1593)和鲁克丽丝受辱记(1593~1594)均取材于罗马诗人维奥维德吉尔的著作,主题是描写爱情不可抗拒以及谴责违背“荣誉”观念的兽行。14行诗(1592~1598)多采用连续性的组诗形式,主题是歌颂友谊和爱情。其主要成就是戏剧,按时代、思想和艺术风格的发展,可分为早、中、晚3个时期。马克思称莎士比亚为“人类最伟大的天才之一”。恩格斯盛赞其作品的现实主义精神与情节的生动性、丰富性。莎氏的作品几乎被翻译成世界各种文字。1919年后被介绍到中国,现已有中文的《莎士比亚全集》。
2、意大利诗人但丁
但丁(1265-1321)生于佛罗伦萨,是意大利伟大的诗人、文学家,世界级的一流文学大师。但丁从37岁被宣告永久放逐,后来客死异乡。九岁邂逅心灵上永恒的恋人佩雅丽琪,这位后来24岁香消玉陨的少女,成为但丁日后创作的源泉。《神曲》为但丁不朽的巨著。恩格斯称他是“中世纪的最后一位诗人,同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。他继往开来在欧洲文学发展中占据一个关键地位。
3、德国诗人、剧作家、思想家歌德
约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德(1749-1832)是18世纪中叶到19世纪初德国和欧洲最重要的作家,他一生跨两个世纪,正当欧洲社会大动荡大变革的年代。封建制度的日趋崩溃,革命力量的不断高涨,促使歌德不断接受先进思潮的影响,从而加深自己对于社会的认识,创作出当代最优秀的作品。歌德的作品充满了狂飙突进运动的反叛精神,在诗歌、戏剧、散文等方面都有较高的成就,主要作品有剧本葛兹·冯·伯里欣根、中篇小说《少年维特的烦恼》、未完成的诗剧《普罗米修斯》和诗剧《浮士德》的雏形原浮士德,此外还写了许多抒情诗和评论文章。1832年3月22日,歌德病逝。歌德是德国民族文学的最杰出的代表,他的创作把德国文学提高到全欧的先进水平,并对欧洲文学的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
4、英国浪漫主义诗人拜伦
拜伦(1788—1824),英国浪漫主义诗人。贵族出身。青年时代受启蒙思想的影响,对封建专制压迫深恶痛绝。1809年开始游历西班牙、希腊、土耳其等国,对这些国家人民反封建、反侵略、反迫害斗争极为同情和支持。1811年归国以后,开始创作长诗恰尔德·哈罗德游记。 1812年在国会发表演说,为英国工业革命后工人因贫困而发动捣毁机器运动进行辩护,反对国会通过的保障治安法案,谴责英国统治集团对工人的血腥镇压。1813年开始,陆续刊行东方叙事诗,抨击英国当属而被迫出国。在意大利参加烧炭党人活动时,撰写长诗《青铜时代》,揭露神圣同盟的反动面目。1823年投入希腊民族独立战争, 1824年4月10日病逝。拜伦的代表作有讽刺长诗《唐璜》。他的作品对欧洲浪漫主义文学有极大的影响。
5、古希腊诗人荷马
荷马,生于公元前八世纪后半期的爱奥尼亚,是古希腊最著名和最伟大的诗人。他是《荷马史诗》(分《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》两部分)的作者。《荷马史诗》以扬抑格六音部写成,集古希腊口述文学之大成。它是古希腊最伟大的作品,也是西方文学中最伟大的作品。《荷马史诗》是早期英雄时代的大幅全景,也是艺术上的绝妙之作,它以整个希腊及四周的汪洋大海为主要情节的背景,展现了自由主义的自由情景,并为日后希腊人的道德观念(进而为整个西方社会的道德观念),立下了典范。继此而来的,首先是一种追求成就,自我实现的人文伦理观,其次是一种人神同性的自由神学,剥除了精神世界中的神秘恐惧。《荷马史诗》于是成了“希腊的圣经”。
6、法国著名作家雨果
雨果是19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学运动的领袖,法国文学史上卓越的资产阶级民主作家。贯穿他一生活动和创作的主导思想是人道主义、反对暴力、以爱制“恶”,他的创作期长达60年以上,作品包括26卷诗歌、20卷小说、12卷剧本、21卷哲理论著,合计79卷之多,给法国文学和人类文化宝库增添了一份十分辉煌的文化遗产。其代表作是:《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》等长篇小说,多次被拍成电影,在世界上广为流传,成为经典之作。
7、印度作家、诗人和社会活动家泰戈尔
泰戈尔(1861~1941)是具有巨大世界影响的作家。他共写了50多部诗集,被称为"诗圣"。写了12部中长篇小说,100多篇短篇小说,20多部剧本及大量文学、哲学、政治论著,并创作了1500多幅画,诸写了难以统计的众多歌曲。文、史、哲、艺、政、经范畴几乎无所不包,无所不精。他的作品反映了印度人民在帝国主义和封建种姓制度压迫下要求改变自己命运的强烈愿望,描写了他们不屈不挠的反抗斗争,充满了鲜明的爱国主义和民主主义精神,同时又富有民族风格和民族特色,具有很高艺术价值,深受人民群众喜爱。其重要诗作有诗集故事诗集、《吉檀迦利》、《新月集》、《飞鸟集》、边缘集、生辰集;重要小说有短篇《还债》、弃绝、《素芭》、人是活着,还是死了?、摩诃摩耶、太阳与乌云,中篇《四个人》,长篇《沉船》、《戈拉》、《家庭与世界》、两姐妹;重要剧作有顽固堡垒、摩克多塔拉、人红夹竹桃;重要散文有死亡的贸易、中国的谈话、《俄罗斯书简》等。
8、俄国文学巨匠列夫·托尔斯泰
托尔斯泰(1828—1910),俄国作家、改革家和道德思想家。托尔斯泰之所以获得不朽的声誉,主要是由于他的两部小说《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》。托尔斯泰内心充满深刻的矛盾。他是一个个人主义贵族,而在他的晚年却很不成功地试图过一种穷苦农民的生活;他起初曾耽于声色,而最终却成为一个彻底的清教徒;他具有非凡的生命力,却几乎时时害怕死亡。这种奇特的双重性格使他在人生的中年舍弃他单纯的小说作家的生涯而成为虔诚的基督教徒;在他源源不断写出的论文、小册子和大部分是说教的短篇故事和剧本里,他宣扬了对爱和忠诚的人生的信仰和对财产及政府和教会之类人为的制度的鄙弃。
9、苏联无产阶级文学奠基人高尔基
高尔基(1868~1936)前苏联无产阶级作家,社会主义现实主义文学的奠基人。他出身贫苦,幼年丧父,11岁即为生计在社会上奔波,当装卸工、面包房工人,贫民窟和码头成了他的“社会”大学的课堂。他与劳动人民同呼吸共命运,亲身经历了资本主义残酷的剥削与压迫。这对他的思想和创作发展具有重要影响。高尔基不仅是伟大的文学家,而且也是杰出的社会活动家。他组织成立了苏联作家协会,并主持召开了全苏第一次作家代表大会,培养文学新人,积极参加保卫世界和平的事业。代表作有 马卡尔·楚德拉、马卡尔·楚德拉、伊则吉尔老婆子、《鹰之歌》、契尔卡什、沦落的人们、柯诺瓦洛夫、海燕之歌、小市民、《底层》、避暑客、太阳的孩子们等等。他的作品自1907年就开始介绍到中国。他的优秀文学作品和论著成为全世界无产阶级的共同财富。
10、世界短篇小说巨匠莫泊桑
莫泊桑(1850~1893)法国作家。1850年8月5日生于法国西北部诺曼底省的一个没落贵族家庭。1870年到巴黎攻读法学,适逢普法战争爆发,遂应证入伍。退伍后,先后在海军部和教育部任职。19世纪70年代是他文学创作的重要准备阶段,他的舅父和母亲的好友、著名作家福楼拜是他的文学导师。莫泊桑的文学成就以短篇小说最为突出,有世界短篇小说巨匠的美称。他擅长从平凡琐屑的事物中截取富有典型意义的片断,以小见大地概括出生活的真实。他的短篇小说侧重摹写人情世态,构思布局别具匠心,细节描写、人物语言和故事结尾均有独到之处。除了《羊脂球》这一短篇文库中的珍品之外,莫泊桑还创作了包括《一家人》、我的叔叔于勒、米隆老爹、两个朋友、《项链》等在内的一大批思想性和艺术性完美结合的短篇佳作。莫泊桑的长篇小说也达到比较高的成就。他共创作了6部长篇:《一生》、《漂亮朋友》、《温泉》、皮埃尔和若望、像死一般坚强和我们的心,其中前两部已列入世界长篇小说名著之林。
原贴:世界著名的文学家
小艾姬
【释义】
硬科幻:以物理学、化学、生物学、天文学、心理学、医学等科学为基础的,以严格技术推演和发展道路预测,以描写极其可能实现的新技术新发明给人类社会带来影响的科幻作品称为硬科幻。与之对应的有软科幻。有科幻界人士也曾试图重置这个定义:硬科幻是以科技或科学猜想推动情节的。
【代表人物】
【区别】
所谓软科幻就是将畅想中可能的未来/过去科技为背景,重点关注人文、生活的科幻作品;硬科幻是要求立足现有科学技术成果进行完备推演的可能未来/过去科技,对人类形态、社会生存、自然环境的重大影响和交互作为重点的科幻作品.
具有理工背景的科幻作家,通常比较注重科学根据,对科幻因素的描述与解释也较为详尽,令读者不禁信以为真,这便是所谓硬科幻一派,而其中最硬(请注意「硬」在此并非指「生硬」)的非「机关布景派」莫属。反之,一位科幻作家若是没受过理工方面的训练,在描写科技内容时便会避重就轻,而尽量以故事情节、寓意与人物性格取胜,他们的作品自然而然属于「软科幻」。像星际之门,特别是星际之门SG1中的前几个季度,便属于硬科幻。而其后续作品SGA,包括SG1的后面几个季度,硬科幻的程度越来越低,逐渐变为了软科幻。
【世界著名小说】
我,机器人I, Robot(1950)
“具有理工背景的科幻作家,通常比较注重科学根据,对科幻因素的描述与解释也较为详尽,令读者不禁信以为真,这便是所谓硬科幻一派,而其中最硬的则非「机关布景派」莫属(请注意「硬」在此并没有「生硬」的涵义)。反之,一位科幻作家若是没受过理工方面的训练,在描写科技内容时便会避重就轻,而尽量以故事情节、寓意与人物性格取胜,他们的作品自然而然属于「软科幻」。 ”所谓软科幻就是以关注人文为重点的科幻作品,硬科幻是以科学技术为重点的科幻作品。
海底两万里Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea(1870)
儒勒·凡尔纳Jules Verne是科幻小说的先驱,他的这部小说问世60年后,“科幻小说”这个词才正式出现在公众文化中。《海底两万里》是儒勒·凡尔纳最具预见性的作品,其中的潜艇战、水肺潜水甚至泰瑟枪之后都成为现实。美国建造的世界第一艘核动力潜艇的名字“鹦鹉螺号”就源自《海底两万里》。儒勒·凡尔纳Jules Verne是科幻小说的先驱,他的这部小说问世60年后,“科幻小说”这个词才正式出现在公众文化中。《海底两万里》是儒勒·凡尔纳最具预见性的作品,其中的潜艇战、水肺潜水甚至泰瑟枪之后都成为现实。美国建造的世界第一艘核动力潜艇的名字“鹦鹉螺号”就源自《海底两万里》。
时间机器The Time Machine(1895)
H·G·威尔斯H.G. Wells的这本小说有点自我剽窃的意味—那台机器的操作原理似乎是直接从顽固的亚尔古英雄The Chronic Argonauts中搬过来的。H·G·威尔斯的这篇短篇小说出版于1888年,比《时间机器》出版时间早七年。尽管如此,《时间机器》仍是部出色的科幻作品,因为这部小说传播了这样的理念:时光旅行可以靠科学技术手段实现,而不是像早期的穿越故事那样依赖于魔法。近几十年中物理学家们争先恐后进行理论上时光机器的研究,就证明《时间机器》关于四维宇宙中时光旅行的描写极具预见性。
震荡波骑士The Shockwave Rider(1975)
赛博朋克小说的开山之作,比威廉·吉布森William Gibson(发表神经漫游者Neuromancer)还要早九年,甚至赛博朋克cyberpunk这个词也是在这部小说发表五年后才出现。虽然,震荡波骑士中没有描写一个虚拟现实的华丽网络空间,但小说中的电脑黑客在全球计算机网络上释放了一个可以自我复制的程序,约翰·布鲁勒尔John Brunner把这个程序叫做“蠕虫”。1982年,施乐帕克研究中心的研究人员发现他们在分布式计算领域所作的工作和约翰·布鲁勒尔小说中的描述惊人地相似。1988年第一个现实中的蠕虫病毒在互联网上出现并迅速扩散,感染了数千台电脑。
天堂的喷泉The Fountains of Paradise(1979)
阿瑟·C·克拉克Arthur C. Clark的这本小说描写了“太空升降机”—从位于10000公里高处的地球轨道上,将一条缆索放到地面上。通过这条缆索,人们乘坐特殊的缆车或升降机进入宇宙空间。如果这样的“太空升降机”有一天成为现实的话,其预见性可以和《海底两万里》中的鹦鹉螺号潜艇媲美了。阿瑟·C·克拉克没有发明出太空升降机的实物,不过他进行了严谨的演算,证明太空升降机是可行的。他甚至预测出碳纤维将是制造升降机缆索的理想材料。二十年后,这一预测成为现实,NASA(美国国家航空航天局)首次将太空升降机研究付诸行动时,碳纳米管成为核心材料。
赛亭星Cyteen(1988)
C.J.切瑞C.J. Cherryh将故事背景设定在一个严酷的星球,那里的定居者和地球居民关系恶劣。赛亭星的矛盾主线是推动克隆人超越基因复制品限制的尝试。故事中科学家通过创造类似的童年经历,试图塑造他们社会中最有价值公民的性格。切瑞通过这部作品,巧妙地探讨了先天遗传和后天环境孰重孰轻的争论。
火星三部曲The Mars Trilogy(1992-1996)
作者金·斯坦利·罗宾逊Kim Stanley Robinson把故事中对火星的殖民化开始于2026年,200年后结束,那时火星的地形改造基本完成,人类迈出了走进星际空间的第一步。火星三部曲着重描写火星殖民者的日常生活细节,并且密切关注火星的地理环境,仿佛我们中的每个人都会登上这个红色星球一样。
钻石年代The Diamond Age(1995)
故事情节是一个下等民小女孩偶然间获得了一本世界上最前进的绘本启蒙书,这本书在各种情况下一直指导小女孩的成长。尼尔·斯蒂芬森Neal Stephenson塑造这本启蒙书和小女孩生活的整个世界时,借鉴了埃里克·德雷克斯勒Eric Drexler关于分子纳米技术的一些观念,那就是微型机械过特定时间就会创造新奇迹。
彩虹尽头Rainbows End(2006)
第一次读这本小说时,主要内容中远超现实的科技让读者感觉作者弗诺·文奇Vernor Vinge把故事背景设定在2025年似乎过度乐观。“隐形眼镜”佩戴者的周围覆盖着网络上的数字信息—“网衣”。个人社交网络资料可能出现在他们的头边,完整的景象也可能被投射到幻想的世界,在汽车或飞机上喷涂怪物或龙的图案。不过现实世界的科技发展速度远比我当时想象的迅猛。
炽热Incandescence(2008)
格雷格·伊根Greg Egan把年代设定为:遥远的未来,背景:跨星系的文明—这部作品似乎无可争议地属于太空歌剧的范畴,不过格雷格·伊根之前还写过一本广义相对论和天体物理学的启蒙小说。故事情节大多发生在工业革命前诡异的世界,文中的角色需要尽快发现某些先进的物理学原理,否则他们就会有大灾难。
原贴:世界著名硬科幻小说?
╰'訴說❤、
不知道你想知道文学家什么,以下是一些文学家的名字:
◎古希腊 古罗马
荷马 Homer 伊索 Aesop
埃斯库罗斯 Aeschylus
索福克勒斯 Sophocles
欧里庇得斯 Euripides
贺拉斯 Horatius
维吉尔 Vergilius
奥维德 Ovid
◎英国
乔叟 Chaucer
托马斯·莫尔 Thomas More
约翰·班扬 John Bunyan
莎士比亚 Shakesprare
马洛 Marlowe
笛福 Denner Defoe
斯威夫特 Swift
斯宾塞 Spencer
华兹华斯 Wordsworth
威廉·布莱克 William Blake
莱辛 Lessing
拜伦 Byron
雪莱 Shelley
济慈 John Keats
简·奥斯丁 Jane Austin
狄更斯 Charles Dickens
萨克雷 Thackray
勃朗特三姐妹 Bronte
哈代 Thomas Hardy
王尔德 Oscar Wilde
肖伯纳George Bernand Shaw
艾略特 Eliot
詹姆斯·乔伊斯 James Joyce
赫胥黎 Huxley
柯南道尔 Conan Dyle
阿加莎·克里斯蒂 Agatha Christie
贝克特 Beckett
伍尔芙 Woolf
◎法国
拉伯雷 Rabelais
卢梭 Rousseau
蒙田 Montaigne
高乃依 Corneille
拉辛 Racine
狄德罗 Diderot
伏尔泰 Voltaire
孟德斯鸠 Montesquieu
莫里哀 Mauriat
司汤达 Stonder
巴尔扎克 Balzac
雨果 Victor Hugo
福楼拜 Flanbert
左拉 Zola
大仲马小仲马父子 Dumas
莫泊桑 Manpassant
梅里美 Merimee
加缪 Camus
萨特 Satre
普鲁斯特 Proust
罗曼罗兰 Roman Roland
◎德国
歌德 Goethe
席勒 Schiller
格林兄弟 Green Brothers
海涅 Heine
◎俄国
普希金 Pushkin
果戈里 Gogol
托尔斯泰 Tolstoy
克雷洛夫 Kryilov
屠格涅夫 Turgernev
契诃夫 Cheknov
车尔尼雪夫斯基 Chernyshevsky
托斯陀耶夫斯基 Dostoevsky
赫尔岑 Herzen
帕斯捷尔纳克 Pasternak
高尔基 Maksim Gorgy
奥斯特洛夫斯基 Osterlovsky
◎美国
爱默生 Amerson
梭罗 Thoureau
惠特曼 Whitman
霍桑 Hawthone
斯托夫人 Stowe
杰克·伦敦 Jack London
马克·吐温 Mark Twain
弗罗斯特 Frost
海明威 Hamingway
菲茨杰拉德 Fitzgerald
德莱塞 Dreiser
约瑟夫·海勒 Joseph Hailer
欧·亨利 O Henry
奥尔珂德 Alcott
玛格丽特·米切尔 Margrret Millchill
◎其他国家
马克·波罗 Marco Polo (意大利)
但丁 Dante
薄伽丘 Boccaccio
塞万提斯 Cervantes (西班牙)
安徒生 Adersen (丹麦)
卡夫卡 Kafka (奥地利)
茨威格 Zweig
易卜生 Ibsen (挪威)
黑塞 Hesse (瑞士)
纪伯伦 Gibrn (黎巴嫩)
马尔克斯 Morques (哥伦比亚)
聂鲁达 Neruda (智利)
泰戈尔 Tagore (印度)
夏目漱石 (日本)川端康成
原贴:世界著名文学家
49er_SIBCB
原贴:世界著名硬科幻小说?
jesse
原贴:世界著名短篇小说
iichan
原贴:世界著名短篇小说
赵正平元宵
原贴:世界著名的短篇小说
小钻风
原贴:世界著名的短篇小说
贺兰牛
原贴:世界著名女性
慕米希夷
丁丁游历记
原贴:世界著名摩天大楼
jingxin_z
原贴:世界著名 坟墓
再别康桥
原贴:世界著名文学家
vickyqin
原贴:世界著名文学作品
呆鹿emmy
原贴:世界著名文学作品
gracedj
녶䃺
极品小馒头
原贴:世界著名爱情小说